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QUANTUM PHYSICS IN SEARCH OF THE DIVINE PARTICLE


Luís de Almeida *

 


«I confess after a careful and cautious reading of this work I concluded that it was one of the best articles I had ever the pleasure to read.
It seems to me the most erudite and informative work concerning the relationship between Physics and Spiritism so far written in Portuguese language. If translated into English it will undoubtedly be very much appreciated, even by the most modern Physicists who divulge nowadays the works concerning the relationship between Consciousness and the Universe, glimpsed under Quantum and Relativistic Physics views. I cite as examples the books of Michio Kaku (Hyperspace, ed. Rocco, Rio de Janeiro, RJ) and Amit Goswami (The Self-Aware Universe, edit. Rosa dos Tempos, Rio de Janeiro).
»

 

Hernâni Guimarães Andrade

 

 

Saying that we are living in a material world nowadays is simply an expression, since we live in a mainly energetic world, as pointed out by Albert Einstein in the distant 1921, by means of his well known equation E = mc², that became E = ± mc², given antimatter. We are getting today very important confirmations on the part of contemporary Physicists on the discovery of a consciousness, beyond the universe of particles.
 

 
THE UNIVERSE OF PARTICLES
Elementary particles are considered until now to be the following: quarks, leptons and gluons (although, by my own reckoning, isolated quarks does not have been “observed” yet).
These microparticles whose internal structure is based on bonded quarks and/or antiquarks are called hadrons, which is the case for protons, neutrons, the
p-meson (and others) and their respective antiparticles.
Here arise two sub-families, that for the barions (particles made up of three quarks, with the possibility of antiquarks too), and the mesons (particles made up of two quarks – one quark and one antiquark).
Then, there is a family of true elementary particles, so judged until now, the leptons. Make part in this family the electrons, the muon, the
t-particle and neutrinos thereof, as well as all their antiparticles. The difference between leptons, until now said to have mass, and neutrinos is the absence of electric charge in the neutrinos and, possibly, their extraordinarily low mass.
 

 
THE FOUR FUNDAMENTAL INTERACTIONS OF THE UNIVERSE
To make part in the third actors group of the cosmic movies we have to remember that Nature has four fundamental interactions among the Universe’s constituent particles:
Gravitational interaction - interaction between bodies with mass;
Electromagnetic interaction - interaction between electric charges in rest relatively to each other and between electric charges moving with respect to each other;
Weak interaction - interaction between hadrons;
Strong interaction - interaction between quarks.

 

 

CERN: Particles Accelerator

 

For each interaction there is a characteristic exchange particle, or intermediate, between the interacting particles. Such particles are called gluons. Thus there are specific gluons for each interaction:
Gravitational interaction - gravitons, not yet observed because it is impossible to manufacture them on the Earth and very difficult to detect them in the Universe;
Electromagnetic interaction - fotons;
Weak interaction - weak gluons;
Strong interaction - strong gluons.

 

The majority of modern Physicists hope to find a single theory that encompass the four elementary forces into one, that is, these four elementary interactions being nothing more than different aspects of a single force or interaction.
What in the end would be the cause of this effect? Would not it be the “Thought” of the Creator of all the things? Well, let’s see it!


André Luiz, in Evolution in Two Worlds (11), tells us that «man in the spiritual world will deal more directly with a live and multiform fluid, vibrating and unstaunchable, (...) absorbed by human mind, in a vital process akin to breath, by means of which the creature gets the Force emanating from the Creator, dispersed throughout the Cosmos, transubstantiating it under his own responsibility, to influence Creation starting from himself. Such a fluid is his own continuous thought, generating energetic possibilities (...)». We should not misinterpret this with the classic definition of fluid.
We are facing the great understanding, yet incipient, of «God’s Thought Mechanics», generator of all Creation in the convertion of “energetic potentials”.
This elementary principle of all the others, as Allan Kardec (9) transmits us, being the cause, the source, the principle, the true matrix, is nothing less than “The Universal Cosmic Fluid”, that Physicists hope to find, the synthesis of all the four Universal forces, subject to only one law and to only one elementary particle. Allan Kardec says us also that matter is made up of only one primeval element.
What are, finally, these four elementary forces else than derived from the Universal Fluid, that is, the “Cosmic Fluid”, - “Divine plasma, Creator’s breath, or nervous force of The All-Wisdom? Within this primeval element vibrate and live Constellations, Suns, Worlds, and Beings as fishes in the ocean”, as states André Luiz in Evolution in Two Worlds (11).
Let’s see The Spirits' Book (9) in question 36:
Does absolute vacuum exist somewhere in the universal Space?
“No, there is no vacuum. What seems to you emptiness is occupied by matter that escapes your senses and instruments”.
Recently, modern Physicists are of the same opinion, contrary to classical definition of “empty”, since the latter was understood as the intergalactic, interplanetary, or interatomic space, where nothing existed. Today, Physicists know that such space is filled with particles and antiparticles, - energy, proving one of the definitions and derivations of the Cosmic Fluid suggested by Allan Kardec 150 years ago, that these four interactions populate our Universe, since they are the Universal Cosmic Fluid in its multiple diversity.

 

 

WE LIVE IN THE ENERGY REALM
Iniciemos então com o axioma de que “toda matéria é energia”. Isso é facilmente visualizado na equação proposta por Einstein, onde: E = energia, m = massa e c2 = velocidade da luz ao quadrado. Isto significa dizer que se acelerarmos um corpo de massa m ao quadrado da velocidade da luz, então esse corpo se transformaria em energia pura.

  

Se como vimos acima, energia é matéria “acelerada”, a mesma equação nos permite dizer que matéria é energia “coagulada”, de onde depreendemos que matéria e energia são a mesma coisa em estados diferentes. A primeira com uma energia potencial máxima ou quase, e a segunda com uma energia cinética máxima ou quase.
Seja qual for o estado energético ou material, os dois são de entropia positiva, o que significa que tendem a um dado momento tempo-espacial, a se desorganizarem. Tanto é assim, que tudo o que percebemos e conhecemos no nosso universo está em constante mutação.
Por outro lado, se analisarmos o “Modelo dos Domínios de Frequência Tiller-Einstein do espaço-tempo”, onde o Dr. Willian Tiller da Universidade de Stanford, USA, acrescentou à fórmula de Eisten a constante de proporcionalidade de Einstein-Lorentz (
Ö[1-v2/c2]), teremos:

 

 

 

NEGATIVE SPACE-TIME – THE SPIRITUAL WORLD
Physically, a particle accelerated up to the speed of light spends an exponentially greater energy until an instant that a larger increase in speed needs an astronomically huge amount of energy, when we use numbers higher than the speed of light in Einstein-Lorenz’s equation.

 

 

Mathematician Dr. Charles Muses that reaffirm the postulate validity call them hypernumbers.
Hypernumbers convey the speed effects of energies superior to that of the light. Starting from his postulate, Muses made a graph where we have a mirrored image:
Positive space-time matter can exist only below the speed of light, or within the physical space-time universe. Negative space-time sphere is made up of particles that move at speeds greater than that of light. Such hypothetical particles were called Taquions.
We, thus, come to the conclusion that such a negative space-time universe is the spiritual world universe, with negative mass and negative entropy, where the disorganization degree tends to zero, in other words non-mutable or eternal.
We know also that 90% of the matter within the Universe is not detected, the so called “dark matter”.
The Spirits' Book (9) explains:
84. Do Spirits constitute a world apart, outside of that what we see?
- “Yes, the Spirits world, or of the noncorporeal intelligences.”
85. Which one of the two, the spiritual or the corporeal world is the principal in the order of things?
“The spiritual world, that pre-exists and survives over everything.”
86. Could ever the corporeal world be inexistent, or has never existed, without altering the spiritual world essence?
- “Of course. They are independent; however, correlation between them is ceaseless, since one reacts continually over the other.”
At the “Introduction” in the same book in Chapter VI one reads Kardec:
«Let’s summarize in a few words the main doctrine points they have transmitted us, in order to respond in an easier manner certain objections.
“Material beings constitute the visible or corporeal world, and imaterial beings the invisible or spiritual world, that is, of the Spirits.”
“Spiritual world is the normal, primitive, eternal, and preexistent world that survives over everything.”
“Corporeal world is secondary; it could cease to exist or have never existed, without this altering the spiritual world essence.”

 

 

MODERN PHYSICS TAKES US TO MEET THE SPIRIT AND GOD
Quantum Physics may constitute a bridge between Science and the Spiritual world, because it can “reduce” matter out of the subjective shape and within the abstract domain until consciousness - the cause of “intellectuality” in matter. Consciousness transforms matter possibilities into reality, transforming quantum possibilities into actual facts. Such a consciousness shall present a unity and transcend time, space, and matter. It is not something material; it is really the base for all beings.
Lets remind the Professor from Lyon in The Spirits' Book (9):
23. What is the Spirit?
- “The intelligent principle of the Universe.”
a) - What is the Spirit’s intimate nature?
- “It is not easy to analyse the Spirit with your language. For you, it is nothing because it is untouchable. For us, nevertheless, it is something.”
So it is that theoretical Physicists take for granted the existence of a “particle”, that would be the “fundamental” particle, not yet found, which is called by Nobel Awarded Physicist Leon Lederman as the “divine particle”. It is a decisive particle, since it determines the mass of all the others, as well as cohesion given by gravity for the yet unknown 90 % of the Universe.
Let’s read Kardec in The Spirits' Book (9):
25. Is the Spirit independent from matter, or only one of its properties, as are colours from light and sound from air?
- “They are distinct from each other; but the union of Spirit and matter is needed to intellectualize matter.”
26. Is it conceivable Spirit without matter and matter without Spirit?
- “It is, no doubt, by thought.”
It should be recalled that Physicists, from the research of the American Murray Gel Mann with particle accelerators, do admit the existence of an external domain with respect to the so called material cosmic world where probably there are active agents, known also as frameworkers, who are able to actuate over the Universe’s energy, modulating it and given it atomic particle shapes; that is, in other words, the Spirit, also called “Structurator Agent” by several theoretical Physicists.
Let’s take again the Master from Lyon in The Spirits' Book (9):
76. Which definition can one give to the Spirits?
- “It may be said that Spirits are Creation’s intelligent beings. They populate the Universe, apart from the material world.”
536. Are they of fortuitous causes or, on the contrary, do Nature’s great phenomena have a providential purpose, those which are considered to be the elements perturbation?
- “Everything has a reason to be the way we see and nothing happens without God’s permission.”
b) – We conceive perfectly that God’s Will is the primary cause, in that as in everything; however, knowing that Spirits do exert an action over matter and that they are God’s Will agents, we ask if some amidst them would not exert certain influence on the elements to agitate, calm or direct them?
- “Evidently yes. It could not be else. God does not exert direct action on matter. He has dedicated agents of all the orders within worlds scale.”

 

 

SUPERSTRINGS THEORY AND THE PSI DIMENSION
Another quantum theory which comes together with the existence of a “conscious divine particle” at the end of the scale of subatomic particles is the superstrings theory. This theory was perfected and is supported by one of the most respected contemporary theoretical Physicists, Edward Witten, Professor of the Princeton Institute for Advanced Studies, in the U.S.A. In a very simple and brief way, superstrings theory postulate that quarks, the most infinitesimal subatomic particles known to date, would be bonded to each other by means of “superstrings” that, according to their vibration, give one specific “tone” to the atomic nucleus to which they belong, thus producing the physicochemical qualities of such particle.
 

To try to imagine them is like to try to conceive the mathematical point: it is impossible, yet. Besides, they are imaginably tiny. For one to have a picture: Earth planet is 1020 orders smaller than the Universe, and atomic nuclei are 1020 orders smaller than Earth; well, a superstring is 1020 orders smaller than atomic nuclei.
Professor Rivail clarifies in The Spirits' Book (9):
30. Is matter made up of only one or several elements?
- “Of only one primeval element. The bodies that you consider to be simple are not true elements, but transformations of the primitive matter.”
Therefore, it is the vibration of these infinitesimal “strings” that would be responsible for the characteristics of the atom to which they belong. According to their vibration, the “strings” would give origin to a hydrogen atom, a helium atom, and so on, which in turn give origin, when aggregated in molecules, to specific compounds increasingly complex, going into at least 11 dimensions.
Reinforces Allan Kardec in The Spirits' Book (9):
79. Because there are two general elements in the Universe, the intelligent element and the material element, one can then states that Spirits are made from the intelligent element, and inert bodies are made from the material element?
- “Evidently. Spirits are the individualization of the intelligent principle, and the bodies are the individualization of the material principle.”
64. We have seen that Spirit and matter are two constitutive elements of the Universe. Would the vital principle be a third?
- “It is, no doubt, one of the elements necessary to the Universe composition, but that has also its origin in the modified universal matter. For you it is an element, like oxygen and hydrogen, which however are not primitive, since everything derives from only one principle.”
This theory gives the conclusion that such a fundamental vibration tone is set by something, or somebody, from whom we abstract “consciousness” as the propelling factor of these quantum strings. Hence, this does take us to think in a conscious unit vibrating from each object, from each being.
Completes Kardec in The Spirits' Book (9):
615. Is God’s law eternal?
- “Eternal and immutable as God himself.”
621. Where is God’s law written?
- “In consciousness.”
Following this theory and together with the idea set by André Luiz in Evolution in Two Worlds (11), where we are co-creators of this universal consciousness, and more and more responsible to manage the vibrational state of our own “strings” — the so called Psi dimension by several Spiritist investigators —, in so far as much we be aware of them we will reach perfect harmony when we really get tuned with the generating consciousness within us, and in all, vulgarly known as God, or as some theoretical Physicists state, the “Supreme Structurator Agent”.
Let’s read the Codifier in The Spirits' Book (9):

5. What could one infer from the instinctive feeling that every man has with himself about God’s existence?
- “That God exists; if else, where would this feeling come from without a basis? It is already a consequence of the principle that there is no effect without a cause.”
7. Would it be possible to find out in the intimate properties of matter the primary cause for the making off all things?
- “What would be, then, the cause of those properties? It is indispensable always a primary cause.”
Let’s interpret in Genesis (10), Chapter II – The Providence:
20. - Providence is God’s care for His creatures. He is everywhere, sees and looks after everything, even the tiniest things. That is the providential action.
«How can God, so great, so powerful, so superior to everything, intrude himself in such minute details, worry himself with the smallest actions and the smallest thoughts of each person?» That is the question skepticals ask themselves, saying in conclusion that assuming God’s existence it is only possible to concede, concerning His action, that it is exerted over the general laws of the Universe; that the Universe works from eternity due to these laws, to which any creature is subject within their field of activities without the need of Providence’s continuous intervention.
This single consciousness of the quantum thinking transforms into two elements: one objective and another subjective. The latter we call quantum, universal, indivisible being. Individualization of such being is the consequence of a conditioning. This quantum being is the way how we think in God, who is the creating being within us.
Let’s turn back to the Genius of Lyon in Genesis (10), Chapter II – The Providence
34. – Being God the divine essence by excellence, only those Spirits who achieved the highest degree of dematerialization are able to be aware of Him. Imperfect Spirits are not farther from Him than the others for being incapable to see Him; these Spirits, as the others, as all Nature’s beings, are immersed within the divine fluid the same way we are within light.
Generally, we interpret God as something external only. We think of God as a being detached from ourselves. That is the cause of the conflicts. If God is within us too, we can change by our own will. But if we think that He is only outside, than we think that only Him can change us and we do not transform ourselves by means of our own will. We cannot exclude our will, saying that everything happens according to God’s wish. We shall recognize God within us, as stated 2000 years ago our Sweet Friend. Then, we will be free.
Allan Kardec states in Genesis (10), Chapter II – The Providence:
24. – (...) We find ourselves, then, constantly in the presence of the Divinity; none of our actions can escape from His sight; our thought is in constant touch with His thought, therefore it is reasonable to say that God sees our heart’s depths. We are within Him as well as e his within us, according to Christ’s word.
To extend His solicitude to all creatures it is not necessary for God to cast his sight from the Heights of the immensity. Our prays do not have to traverse the space to be heard by God, nor need them to be thunderously spoken, because being constantly with us our thoghts bounce on Him.

 

 

THE SPIRITS' BOOK: AN UP-TO-DATE AND REFERENCE WORK
Physics continue to give Spiritism, although Physicists do not notice, or better, do not want to notice yet, a huge contribution for confirmation of the spiritists postulates, that we spiritists unquestionably cannot underestimate. There is a spiritist science with a scientific methodology, based on spiritual considerations, more than we can imagine, and the proof for that is The Spirits' Book (9) - an up-to-date work – a fountain for Modern Physics. Bringing us a new basic concept on the macro and microscopic view of God (in defininf Him as “the supreme intelligence, primary cause of all things”), Spirit and Matter.
We conclude with Allan Kardec in The Spirits' Book (9) summing up all this theory of Modern Physics, simply overwhelmingly, believe it...:
27. Are there, thus, two general elements in the Universe: matter and Spirit?
“Yes, and above all God, the creator, father of all things. God, spirit and matter constitute the principle of everything, the universal trinity. However, to the material element one has to join the universal fluid, which plays an intermediary role between the Spirit and the matter itself, too rough for the Spirit to exert a direct action on it. Although, under a certain point of view, it is possible to classify the universal fluid as a material element, it has distinctive special properties. If the universal fluid could be positively matter, there is also no reason for the Spirit not to be matter. It is put between the Spirit and matter; it is fluid, as matter, and susceptible to produce, due to the innumerable combinations with matter and under the action of the Spirit, the infinite variety of things of which you know only a tiny fraction. This universal, or primeval, or elementary fluid being the agent for the Spirit to use, is the principle without which matter would be in a perpetual state of division and would never acquire the qualities that gravity gives it.”
 

 

* Luís de Almeida is a PhD in astrophysics and cosmology and an ESA scientist.


_________

BIBLIOGRAPHY
(1) Dyson, Freeman In (INFINITE IN ALL DIRECTIONS) INFINITO EM TODAS AS DIRECÇÕES - Edições Gradiva - 1990 - Portugal
(2) Greene, Brian In (THE ELEGANT UNIVERSE: Superstrings, Hidden Dimensions, And The Quest For The Ultimate Theory) O UNIVERSO ELEGANTE - Edições Gradiva - 2000 - Portugal
(3) Hawking, Stephen In (BRIEF HISTORY OF TIME, UPDATED AND EXPANDED EDITION) BREVE HISTÓRIA DO TEMPO (Edição actualizada e aumentada, comemorativa do 1º Aniversário) - Edições Gradiva - 2000 - Portugal
(4) Hawking, Stephen In (THE END OF THE PHYSICS) O FIM DA FÍSICA - Edições Gradiva - 1994 - Portugal
(5) Homepage, CERN - EUROPEAN ORGANIZATION FOR NUCLEAR RESEARCH
(6) Homepage, ESA - EUROPEAN SPACE AGENCY
(7) Homepage, FERMILAB - FERMI NATIONAL ACCELERATOR LABORATORY
(8) Homepage, NASA - NATIONAL AERONAUTICS & SPACE ADMINISTRATION
(9) Kardec, Allan In (THE SPIRITS' BOOK) O LIVRO DOS ESPÍRITOS - Edições FEB 76ª edição
(10) Kardec, Allan In (GENESIS) A GÉNESE - Edições FEB 36ª edição
(11) Luiz, André In (EVOLUTION IN TWO WORLDS) EVOLUÇÃO EM DOIS MUNDOS - Edições FEB 12ª edição
(12) Reeves, Hubert In (THE FIRST SECOND) O PRIMEIRO SEGUNDO - Edições Gradiva - 1996 - Portugal
(13) Sagan, Carl In (THE DEMON-HAUNTED WORLD: SCIENCE AS A CANDLE IN THE DARK) UM MUNDO INFESTADO DE DEMÓNIOS - Edições Gradiva - 1997 - Portugal

  


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